How Saponification Makes Soap

An Analysis of the Opening Sequence of Stanley Kubricks...

An analysis of the opening sequence of Stanley Kubrick’s ‘Eyes Wide Shut’ focusing on the use of generic conventions We frequently consider films in terms of their genre, a French word meaning ‘kind’ or ‘sort’. It is a very complex term, not only used in film but also in other creative areas such as music, art, and literature. However, it is often considered through various conventions including iconography, similar themes and their stylistic features, as Bordwell and Thompson (2006:357) suggest, ‘ style†¦is the formal system of the film that organizes techniques’ such as lighting, props and setting. This repetition of common elements across a series of films allows us as the viewer to identify genre. For example, if a film was to†¦show more content†¦Following this the camera cuts back to Dr Harford who appears to be wearing a smart black suit, which could signify various things, such as an upper class, wealthy figure which could also lead to possible narrative conclusions. The mise-en-scene in this long shot of Dr Bill Harford includes red curt ains, which could symbolize, love or even danger and blood. However, the dominant colour at the beginning of the shot is cool blue. There is a large bookshelf included within the frame of the shot, which could signify that the character is knowledgeable, intelligent and is also a prop commonly know in detective films, linking to the mystery genre. The camera then tracks backwards as the male figure walks towards the camera into another soft-lit room, once again including red coloured curtains, which seems to already be a reoccurring prop. This shot is also a long take, with no edits, which is a popular technique used in drama’s. However as Ciment, Adair and Bononno suggest (2001:226) ‘Kubrick’s frequent use of dolly backs is one of the major recurring stylistic features in Eyes Wide Shut and expresses the ambiguity at the heart of the film: intoxication, loss of consciousness, fainting, dreams.’ Kubrick has already given various clues through the use of generic conventions by the use of stars, props, lighting and sound. However, as Williams (2005:397) suggests, ‘Kubrick has long played with genre, emulating and exemplifying the pinnacles of trash genres

Volunteer Tourism A Case OF Orang-utan Foundation

Question : Volunteer tourism represents an emerging tourismsector for those who want to make a difference whileon vacation as well as ensuring that local communitiesbenefit both environmentally and economically (Coren Gray, 2012). Organisations such as World WildlifeFund, Antipodeans, Conservation International,Australian Volunteers, to name just a few, are offeringvolunteer tourism expeditions to Australians. Theliterature review identifies four motivational themes ofcultural immersion, seeking camaraderie, giving back,and bonding opportunities among the segments ofvolunteer tourists (McGehee Clemmons, 2008).The Orangutan Foundation in Central Kalimantan inIndonesian Borneo runs tours where volunteers canassist with constructing buildings and fences to securethe wild orang-utans. The mission statement for theorganisation informs us that the OrangutanFoundation goes beyond that of purely protecting theorangutan. Critically it also includes a recognition thatorangutan habitat is unique in its r ichness ofbiodiversity and crucial for local communities, who areas dependant on the forest as is the orang-utan(Orangutan Foundation 2014, p.1). Your task is topromote its conservation strategy to Australianvolunteer tourists. You are required to conduct aliterature review of about 500-800 words on the topicusing keywords such as volunteer tourism,segmentation, targeting and positioning. You thenhave to develop a segmentation, targeting andpositioning (STP) plan targeting the Australian touristmarket which the Orangutan Foundation could use toknow to which Australian tourists to promote itsconservation strategy. This is a challengingassignment and it is recommended that students readvarious academic materials before writing this report. Answer : Interoduction Volunteer tourism is one of the emerging tourism industries in Australia. Initially it was said to be form of deep eco-tourism. Now it is considered as a tourism that fosters environmental and social positive outcomes, offering the tourists an opportunity to support their host community (Wearing and McGehee, 2013). In this report, the author will be conceptualize the volunteer tourism, its benefits and develop an STP plan for The Orangutan Foundation, to secure the lives of orangutans. Litrature Review Volunteering is the activity in which people engage to benefit or help the strangers. The volunteerism motivation mainly focuses on the meeting needs, fulfilling motives, psychological and social functions that are being served through volunteer work (Dolnicar and Randle, 2007). Presently, volunteerism is contributing around $ 2 billion each year from around 1.6 million tourists (Lovelock, 2011). The Bureau of Labor Statistic of US record, around 63.8million individuals has taken part in volunteerism from September 2013-2014. There are various advantages of volunteerism (Sinha, 2014): Protective Function: It helps the individuals to cope up with the conflicts and inner anxieties. Social Function: It helps the individuals to contribute and collaborate with the social groups that they value Career Function: It helps individuals to gain experiences which boosts their career Enhancement Function: It permits individuals to connect with the sociological and psychological development and increase self-esteem Value function: Individuals volunteer to act on or express values they value Understanding function: This gives an opportunity to the people to increase their knowledge and also practice and develop specific skills. According to the survey of ABS 2010, it is reported that around 6.1million that is 36% of the Australian population aged 18years have taken part in volunteerism and women (38%) were slightly more than men (34%). It is found that the people of age 45-54 years of have more interest in volunteering. Also the survey found that the young individuals are more interested in recreational activities and sports. This shows that volunteer tourism is the fast growing trend in the tourism industry (Volunteeringaustralia.org, 2014). However, it is to be noted this tourism have some drawbacks that has to be taken care of. The issues are in identifying the actual needs that will be served by the volunteer tourists. Further lack of methods for choosing the volunteering opportunities might hamper this area. As per the opinion of McGehee and Clemons (2008), the STP (Segmenting, Targeting and Positioning) process helps to promote a particular products of an organization is a specific market to specific customers. According Pike (2012), the STP process helps to maximize the impact of marketing activities on product. Then Coren and Gray (2012) supported by saying the STP process helps to influence the buying behavior of the customers. According to Natter et al., (2008) the segmentation can be defined as the process of splitting the market into groups with similar need and characteristics. Targeting is the process of selecting a particular segment to deliver the product using either the focused targeting strategy, undifferentiated targeting strategy or the Differentiated targeting strategy STP PLAN Segmenting: The key factors that The Orangutan Foundation of volunteer Tourism should focus on carry out the segmentation process are customer type, motivational factors and the demographic profile (Dolnicar and Randle, 2007). Based on the literature review discussed above, the two major segments that the foundation should focus on are: Young Volunteers who are studying zoology or are interested to start their career related to animals world aged 15-30 years and the Mature Volunteers ages 50 years and above. Target market Age range Travel experience Motivation factors Young volunteers interested in animal world or studying zoology 15-30 years 0 to 4 international trips in wildlife sanctuaries in 1 year Interaction with people Improve Knowledge, skills and attitude Fun factor Developing experience to boost career Mature volunteers 50years and above Atleast 7 international visits in last 2years Supporting the organization Contributing to the society Experiencing new cultures Targeting: Differentiated Targeting Strategy can be adopted by the foundation to target the two segments. To target the young volunteer, the whole package should be designed in manner that it helps them to gain knowledge about wildlife preservation from their trip (Suki, 2013; Larson and Poudyal, 2012). A special tourism package should be designed in such a way that the young people can go in a group of 5-6 to gain experience and have fun too. Similarly to tap the mature volunteers, the tour package should be developed in such a way that would help them to interact with other culture people, contribute effectively to the society and have fun. The package duration should be planned based on their age. Positioning: The positioning strategy of Orangutan Foundation Services would focus on three fundamental elements. These include the brand personality, the emotive expression and the destination attributes (Prayag, 2007). The brand personality included with this tour would be spirited, affable and proud so the tourists can actually contribute to the society and the local community people and also conserve and extend the economy. Further the emotive expression include creating and experience strong bonding with the family, delight feeling and also contribution to the society. For young volunteers this trip would give a new experience by serving the wild animals and gain knowledge to link their theories with the practical life. Thirdly, the main destination attributes would include supporting the society, differentiating self with other tourists, having fun, gaining knowledge, interacting with other culture people and also a nice holiday trip. Keeping all these three elements, the found ation can position them as a low cost travelling agency which is involved with volunteerism to benefit the society and economy and also promoting conservation of wild species of orangutans. Conclusion In conclusion, the presented report has discussed the marketing strategic aspect of volunteer tourism of the Orangutans Foundation. The literature review section of this report has reviewed the statistics of volunteer tourism and also the concept of STP (Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning). The report consist of a segmentation, targeting and positioning strategy that would help the foundation to tap the consumer segment that is the mature volunteer and the young volunteer. References Coren, N Gray, T 2012, Commodification of volunteer tourism: a comparative study of volunteer tourists in Vietnam and in Thailand. International Journal of Tourism Research, Vol. 14, pp. 222-234 Dolnicar, S. and Randle, M. (2007). The international volunteering market: market segments and competitive relations. Int. J. Nonprofit Volunt. Sect. Mark., 12(4), pp.350-370. Dolnicar, S. and Randle, M. (2007). What Motivates Which Volunteers? Psychographic Heterogeneity Among Volunteers in Australia. Voluntas, 18(2), pp.135-155. Larson, L. and Poudyal, N. (2012). Developing sustainable tourism through adaptive resource management: a case study of Machu Picchu, Peru. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(7), pp.917-938. Lovelock, C. (2011). Services marketing. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. McGehee, N. and Clemmons, D. 2008, An outgrowth of the 2004 voluntourism think tank a joint effort of Los Ninos Inc. Paper presented at the Educational Travel Conference, George Washington University Natter, M., Mild, A., Wagner, U. and Taudes, A. (2008). Practice Prize Report Planning New Tariffs at tele.ring: The Application and Impact of an Integrated Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning Tool. Marketing Science, 27(4), pp.600-609. Pike, S. (2012). Destination positioning opportunities using personal values: Elicited through the Repertory Test with Laddering Analysis. Tourism Management, 33(1), pp.100-107. Prayag, G. (2007). Exploring the Relationship between Destination Image and personality of a Tourist Destination An Application of Processing Techniques. Journal of Travel and Tourism Research, pp.111-126. Sainaghi, R. (2008). Strategic positioning and performance of winter destinations. Tourism Review, 63(4), pp.40-57. Sinha, S. (2014). The Benefits of Volunteering. IEEE Potentials, 33(3), pp.30-31. Suki, N. (2013). Young consumer ecological behaviour. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 24(6), pp.726 - 737. Volunteeringaustralia.org, (2014). Volunteering Facts Volunteering Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.volunteeringaustralia.org/research-and-advocacy/the-latest-picture-of-volunteering-in-australia/ [Accessed 14 Jan. 2015]. Wearing, S. and McGehee, N. (2013). Volunteer tourism: A review. Tourism Management, 38, pp.120-130.